بِسۡمِ
ٱللَّهِ ٱلرَّحۡمَٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ
The Surah of Al Faatihah (Opening) which was revealed in Mecca and consists of 7 verses is a letter which is first derived in full among the letters in the Qur'an and includes the Makkiyyah letter group. This letter is called Al Faatihah (Opening), because with this letter the Qur'an was opened and the beginning of the Qur'an. Named Ummul Quran (the parent of Al Quran) or Ummul Kitaab (the parent of Al Kitaab) because he is the mother of all the contents of the Quran, and is therefore obliged to read it at each prayer.
Also named As Sab'ul matsaany (seven repeatedly) because the verse is seven and is read repeatedly in prayer.
This letter contains several key elements that reflect the entire contents of the Qur'an, namely :
1. Faith
Believing in God Almighty is found in verse 2, where it is stated expressly that all praise and thanksgiving for a blessing is for Allah, because Allah is the Creator and the source of all the blessings contained in this nature. Among the favors are: delicious creating, favors educating and growing, because the word Rab in the phrase Rabbul-'aalamin does not only mean God or Ruler, but also means tarbiyah which is to educate and grow. This shows that all the blessings seen by someone in themselves and in all nature are from God, because God is the Almighty in nature. Education, safeguarding and growth by God in this nature must be considered and thought by humans as deeply as possible, so that it becomes a source of various kinds of knowledge that can increase human confidence in the majesty and glory of God, and be useful for society. Because faith is a fundamental problem, then in the letter Al Faatihah it is not enough to be stated with a gesture, but it is confirmed and supplemented by paragraph 5, namely: Iyyaaka na'budu wa iyyaka nasta'iin
(only you are the one we worship, and only to you are we asking for help). Promises to reward good deeds and threats to bad deeds.
What is meant by the one who controls the Day of Judgment is that on that day Allah is in charge, all things are subject to His greatness while expecting pleasure and fear of His torment. This implies the promise to reward good deeds and threats to bad deeds. The worship found in verse 5 is solely aimed at Allah, then see no. [6].
2. Laws
The path of happiness and how to go that way to get happiness in the world and the hereafter. The purpose of "Hidayah" here is the guidance which is the cause of the salvation, the happiness of the world and the hereafter, both concerning belief and morals, laws and lessons.
3. Stories
The story of the Prophets and the story of the people who once opposed God. Most of the verses of the Qur'an contain stories of the Prophets and the stories of the people who opposed them. What is meant by people who are given a favor in this verse, are the Prophets, the shiddieqiin (those who truly believe), Shuhadaa '(those who are martyred), Shaalihiin (pious people). Wrathful people and misguided people are groups that deviate from the teachings of Islam.
The details of those mentioned above are contained in the verses of the Koran in other letters.
Conclusion Al Faatihah
This Al-Fatihaah letter complements the basic elements of the Islamic Shari'a, then the details are explained by the verses of the Qur'an which are the next 113 letters.
The correspondence of this letter with the letter of Al Baqarah and the letters thereafter is the letter Al Faatihah is the points of discussion which will be detailed in the letter Al Baqarah and the letters thereafter.
At the end of the letter Al Faatihah is mentioned the request of the servant to be instructed by the Lord in a straight line, while Surat Al Baqarah begins with the appointment of al-Kitaab (Al-Quran) which is quite perfect as a guide to the intended path.